Role of antenatal physiotherapy I high risk pregnancy: A comprehensive review

Abstract

High risk pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, requiring comprehensive and multidisciplinary management strategies. Antenatal physiotherapy has gained recognition as an essential, non-invasive intervention that supports maternal health and improves pregnancy outcomes. It plays a significant role in enhancing physical fitness, reducing musculoskeletal discomfort, improving respiratory efficiency, and promoting psychological well-being. Recent evidence from the past decade indicates that structured physiotherapy programs are effective in managing high risk conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and multiple pregnancies. Exercise therapy, a core component of antenatal physiotherapy, contributes to better glycemic control, improved cardiovascular function, and reduced risk of complications. Additionally, physiotherapy interventions such as breathing exercises and relaxation techniques help alleviate anxiety, enhance oxygenation, and prepare women for labor. Pain management strategies further improve quality of life by addressing common issues such as low back and pelvic pain. Despite its benefits, careful assessment and adherence to safety guidelines are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Antenatal physiotherapy provides a holistic approach to managing high risk pregnancies and should be integrated into routine prenatal care for optimal maternal and fetal health